Papers (consensus) [97]
A curated list of papers ordered by number of citations. Last updated 2020-01-15
| # | Title | |
| 1. | Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System Nakamoto, Satoshi. 2008  | |
| 2. | Majority is not enough: Bitcoin mining is vulnerable Eyal, Ittay and Gün Sirer, Emin. 2014 | |
| 3. | A next-generation smart contract and decentralized application platform Buterin, Vitalik. 2014 | |
| 4. | The Bitcoin Backbone Protocol : Analysis and Applications Garay, Juan A and Kiayias, Aggelos and Leonardos, Nikos. 2014 | |
| 5. | Hashcash - A Denial of Service Counter-Measure Back, Adam. 2002 | |
| 6. | Bitcoin-NG: A Scalable Blockchain Protocol Eyal, Ittay and Gencer, Adem Efe and Sirer, Emin Gün and van Renesse, Robbert. 2016 | |
| 7. | Hyperledger fabric: a distributed operating system for permissioned blockchains Androulaki, Elli and Barger, Artem and Bortnikov, Vita and Cachin, Christian and Christidis, Konstantinos and De Caro, Angelo and Enyeart, David and Ferris, Christopher and Laventman, Gennady and Manevich, Yacov and Muralidharan, Srinivasan and Murthy, Chet and Nguyen, Binh and Sethi, Manish and Singh, Gari and Smith, Keith and Sorniotti, Alessandro and Stathakopoulou, Chrysoula and Vukolić, Marko and Weed Cocco, Sharon and Yellick, Jason. 2018 | |
| 8. | The quest for scalable blockchain fabric: Proof-of-work vs. BFT replication Vukolić, Marko. 2015 | |
| 9. | On the security and performance of proof of work blockchains Gervais, Arthur and Karame, Ghassan O and W\"ust, Karl and Glykantzis, Vasileios and Ritzdorf, Hubert and Capkun, Srdjan. 2016 | |
| 10. | Algorand Chen, Jing and Micali, Silvio. 2016 | |
| 11. | The Ripple protocol consensus algorithm Schwartz, D and Youngs, N and Britto, A. 2014 | |
| 12. | Optimal Selfish Mining Strategies in Bitcoin Sapirshtein, Ayelet and Sompolinsky, Yonatan and Zohar, Aviv. 2015 | |
| 13. | Analysis of the Blockchain Protocol in Asynchronous Networks Pass, Rafael and Seeman, Lior and abhi Shelat. 2016 | |
| 14. | The Miner's Dilemma Eyal, Ittay. 2014 | |
| 15. | The honey badger of BFT protocols Miller, Andrew and Xia, Yu and Croman, Kyle and Shi, Elaine and Song, Dawn. 2016 | |
| 16. | Blockchain consensus protocols in the wild Cachin, Christian and Vukoli\'c, Marko. 2017 | |
| 17. | The stellar consensus protocol: A federated model for internet-level consensus Mazieres, David. 2015 | |
| 18. | Casper the friendly finality gadget Buterin, Vitalik and Griffith, Virgil. 2017 | |
| 19. | Inclusive block chain protocols Lewenberg, Yoad and Sompolinsky, Yonatan and Zohar, Aviv. 2015 | |
| 20. | Hybrid consensus: Efficient consensus in the permissionless model Pass, Rafael and Shi, Elaine. 2017 | |
| 21. | Fruitchains: A fair blockchain Pass, Rafael and Shi, Elaine. 2016 | |
| 22. | Demystifying incentives in the consensus computer Luu, Loi and Teutsch, Jason and Kulkarni, Raghav and Saxena, Prateek. 2015 | |
| 23. | Tendermint: Byzantine fault tolerance in the age of blockchains Buchman, Ethan. 2016 | |
| 24. | Consensus in the age of blockchains Bano, Shehar and Sonnino, Alberto and Al-Bassam, Mustafa and Azouvi, Sarah and McCorry, Patrick and Meiklejohn, Sarah and Danezis, George. 2017 | |
| 25. | Accelerating Bitcoin's Transaction Processing. Fast Money Grows on Trees, Not Chains Sompolinsky, Yonatan and Zohar, A. 2013 | |
| 26. | Speed-Security Tradeoffs in Blockchain Protocols Kiayias, Aggelos and Panagiotakos, Giorgos. 2015 | |
| 27. | The Bitcoin Backbone Protocol with Chains of Variable Difficulty Juan A. Garay and Aggelos Kiayias and Nikos Leonardos. 2016 | |
| 28. | Anonymous Byzantine Consensus from Moderately-Hard Puzzles: A Model for Bitcoin Miller, Andrew and Jr, Jj LaViola. 2014 | |
| 29. | Thunderella: Blockchains with Optimistic Instant Confirmation Rafael Pass and Elaine Shi. 2017 | |
| 30. | Verifiable Delay Functions Dan Boneh, Joseph Bonneau, Benedikt Bünz, Ben Fisch. 2018 | |
| 31. | Scp: A computationally-scalable byzantine consensus protocol for blockchains Luu, Loi and Narayanan, Viswesh and Baweja, Kunal and Zheng, Chaodong and Gilbert, Seth and Saxena, Prateek. 2015 | |
| 32. | On Trees, Chains and Fast Transactions in the Blockchain Kiayias, Aggelos and Panagiotakos, Giorgos. 2016 | |
| 33. | DFINITY Technology Overview Series, Consensus System Hanke, Timo and Movahedi, Mahnush and Williams, Dominic. 2018 | |
| 34. | On The Longest Chain Rule and Programmed Self-Destruction of Crypto Currencies Courtois, Nicolas T. 2014 | |
| 35. | Stake-Bleeding Attacks on Proof-of-Stake Blockchains Peter Gaži and Aggelos Kiayias and Alexander Russell. 2018 | |
| 36. | Publish or Perish: A Backward-Compatible Defense against Selfish Mining in Bitcoin Zhang, Ren and Preneel, Bart. 2017 | |
| 37. | When cryptocurrencies mine their own business Teutsch, Jason and Jain, Sanjay and Saxena, Prateek. 2016 | |
| 38. | Mechanising Blockchain Consensus P\^\irlea, George and Sergey, Ilya. 2018 | |
| 39. | Rethinking Large-Scale Consensus Rafael Pass and Elaine Shi. 2018 | |
| 40. | SPECTRE: Serialization of Proof-of-work Events: Confirming Transactions via Recursive Elections Sompolinsky, Yonatan and Lewenberg, Yoad and Zohar, Aviv. 2016 | |
| 41. | Revisiting Difficulty Control for Blockchain Systems Meshkov, Dmitry and Chepurnoy, Alexander and Jansen, Marc. 2017 | |
| 42. | A Better Method to Analyze Blockchain Consistency Kiffer, Lucianna and Rajaraman, Rajmohan and others. 2018 | |
| 43. | Why buy when you can rent? bribery attacks on bitcoin consensus Bonneau, Joseph and Felten, Edward W and Goldfeder, Steven and Kroll, Joshua A and Narayanan, Arvind. 2016 | |
| 44. | Sok: A consensus taxonomy in the blockchain era Garay, Juan and Kiayias, Aggelos. 2018 | |
| 45. | Agreement with Satoshi – On the Formalization of Nakamoto Consensus Nicholas Stifter and Aljosha Judmayer and Philipp Schindler and Alexei Zamyatin and Edgar Weippl. 2018 | |
| 46. | Lay down the common metrics: Evaluating proof-of-work consensus protocols’ security Zhang, Ren and Preneel, Bart. 2019 | |
| 47. | Analysis of Nakamoto Consensus Ling Ren. 2019 | |
| 48. | Blockchain-Free Cryptocurrencies: A Framework for Truly Decentralised Fast Transactions Boyen, Xavier and Carr, Christopher and Haines, Thomas. 2016 | |
| 49. | Bootstrapping the Blockchain, with Applications to Consensus and Fast PKI Setup Garay, Juan A and Kiayias, Aggelos and Leonardos, Nikos and Panagiotakos, Giorgos. 2018 | |
| 50. | On the Necessity of a Prescribed Block Validity Consensus: Analyzing Bitcoin Unlimited Mining Protocol Ren Zhang and Bart Preneel. 2017 | |
| 51. | Redactable blockchain in the permissionless setting Deuber, Dominic and Magri, Bernardo and Thyagarajan, Sri Aravinda Krishnan. 2019 | |
| 52. | Blockmania: from Block DAGs to Consensus Danezis, George and Hrycyszyn, David. 2018 | |
| 53. | The Thunder Protocol Pass, Rafael and Shi, Elaine. 2018 | |
| 54. | Correctness and fairness of tendermint-core blockchains Amoussou-Guenou, Yackolley and Del Pozzo, Antonella and Potop-Butucaru, Maria and Tucci-Piergiovanni, Sara. 2018 | |
| 55. | Ouroboros-BFT: A Simple Byzantine Fault Tolerant Consensus Protocol Kiayias, Aggelos and Russell, Alexander. 2018 | |
| 56. | Betting on Blockchain Consensus with Fantomette Azouvi, Sarah and McCorry, Patrick and Meiklejohn, Sarah. 2018 | |
| 57. | State Machine Replication in the Libra Blockchain Baudet, Mathieu and Ching, Avery and Chursin, Andrey and Danezis, George and Garillot, Fran\ccois and Li, Zekun and Malkhi, Dahlia and Naor, Oded and Perelman, Dmitri and Sonnino, Alberto. 2019 | |
| 58. | Casper the friendly ghost: A correct by construction blockchain consensus protocol Zamfir, Vlad. 2017 | |
| 59. | Incentives in Ethereum's Hybrid Casper Protocol Buterin, Vitalik and Reijsbergen, Daniel and Leonardos, Stefanos and Piliouras, Georgios. 2019 | |
| 60. | PaLa: A Simple Partially Synchronous Blockchain Chan, TH Hubert and Pass, Rafael and Shi, Elaine. 2018 | |
| 61. | Communication complexity of byzantine agreement, revisited Abraham, Ittai and Chan, TH and Dolev, Danny and Nayak, Kartik and Pass, Rafael and Ren, Ling and Shi, Elaine. 2018 | |
| 62. | Managing Secrets with Consensus Networks: Fairness, Ransomware and Access Control. Kaptchuk, Gabriel and Miers, Ian and Green, Matthew. 2017 | |
| 63. | A Scalable Proof-of-Stake Blockchain in the Open Setting Fan, Lei and Zhou, Hong-Sheng and Katz, Jonathan. 2018 | |
| 64. | Synchronous, with a Chance of Partition Tolerance. Guo, Yue and Pass, Rafael and Shi, Elaine. 2019 | |
| 65. | Polygraph: Accountable Byzantine Agreement Civit, Pierre and Gilbert, Seth and Gramoli, Vincent. 2019 | |
| 66. | Graphchain: a Blockchain-Free Scalable Decentralised Ledger Boyen, Xavier and Carr, Christopher and Haines, Thomas. 2018 | |
| 67. | PHANTOM: A Scalable BlockDAG Protocol Yonatan Sompolinsky and Aviv Zohar. 2018 | |
| 68. | A Nonoutsourceable Puzzle under GHOST Rule Zeng, Gongxian and Yiu, Siu Ming and Zhang, Jun and Kuzuno, Hiroki and Au, Man Ho. 2017 | |
| 69. | StrongChain: Transparent and Collaborative Proof-of-Work Consensus Szalachowski, Pawel and Reijsbergen, Dani\"el and Homoliak, Ivan and Sun, Siwei. 2019 | |
| 70. | PiLi: An Extremely Simple Synchronous Blockchain Chan, TH Hubert and Pass, Rafael and Shi, Elaine. 2018 | |
| 71. | Consensus through Herding Chan, TH Hubert and Pass, Rafael and Shi, Elaine. 2019 | |
| 72. | Pay-To-Win: Incentive Attacks on Proof-of-Work Cryptocurrencies Aljosha Judmayer and Nicholas Stifter and Alexei Zamyatin and Itay Tsabary and Ittay Eyal and Peter Gazi and Sarah Meiklejohn and Edgar Weippl. 2019 | |
| 73. | Scalable and Probabilistic Leaderless BFT Consensus through Metastability Rocket, Team and Yin, Maofan and Sekniqi, Kevin and van Renesse, Robbert and Sirer, Emin G\"un. 2019 | |
| 74. | Platypus: a Partially Synchronous Offchain Protocol for Blockchains Ranchal-Pedrosa, Alejandro and Gramoli, Vincent. 2019 | |
| 75. | Efficient Algorithms for Broadcast and Consensus Based on Proofs of Work Lisa Eckey and Sebastian Faust and Julian Loss. 2017 | |
| 76. | Analysis of Deterministic Longest-Chain Protocols Shi, Elaine. 2018 | |
| 77. | Afgjort--A Semi-Synchronous Finality Layer for Blockchains Magri, Bernardo and Matt, Christian and Nielsen, Jesper Buus and Tschudi, Daniel. 2019 | |
| 78. | Ouroboros Chronos: Permissionless Clock Synchronization via Proof-of-Stake Christian Badertscher and Peter Gaži and Aggelos Kiayias and Alexander Russell and Vassilis Zikas. 2019 | |
| 79. | Digital Signatures for Consensus. Gorbunov, Sergey and Wee, Hoeteck. 2019 | |
| 80. | Divide and Scale: Formalization of Distributed Ledger Sharding Protocols Avarikioti, Georgia and Kokoris-Kogias, Eleftherios and Wattenhofer, Roger. 2019 | |
| 81. | Compact Storage of Superblocks for NIPoPoW Applications Kostis Karantias and Aggelos Kiayias and Nikos Leonardos and Dionysis Zindros. 2019 | |
| 82. | Number of confirmation blocks for Bitcoin and GHOST consensus protocols on networks with delayed message delivery Kovalchuk, Lyudmila and Kaidalov, Dmytro and Nastenko, Andrii and Shevtsov, Oleksiy and Rodinko, Mariia and Oliynykov, Roman. 2018 | |
| 83. | Toychain: Formally Verified Blockchain Consensus George P\^ırlea. 2019 | |
| 84. | Fractal: A New Paradigm for High-Performance Proof-of-Stake Blockchains Zhou, Hong-Sheng. 2019 | |
| 85. | The Rush Dilemma: Attacking and Repairing Smart Contracts on Forking Blockchains Vincenzo Botta and Daniele Friolo and Daniele Venturi and Ivan Visconti. 2019 | |
| 86. | ABC: Asynchronous Blockchain without Consensus Sliwinski, Jakub and Wattenhofer, Roger. 2019 | |
| 87. | The Bitcoin Backbone Protocol Against Quantum Adversaries Alexandru Cojocaru and Juan Garay and Aggelos Kiayias and Fang Song and Petros Wallden. 2019 | |
| 88. | TULIP: A Fully Incentive Compatible Blockchain Framework Amortizing Redundant Communication Ersoy, Oguzhan and Zekeriya, Erkin and Lagendijk, Reginald L. 2019 | |
| 89. | Barracuda: The Power of $$\backslash$ell $-polling in Proof-of-Stake Blockchains Fanti, Giulia and Jiao, Jiantao and Makkuva, Ashok and Oh, Sewoong and Rana, Ranvir and Viswanath, Pramod. 2019 | |
| 90. | A Formal Analysis of Blockchain Consensus Laneve, Cosimo and Veschetti, Adele. 2019 | |
| 91. | Hydra: A Multiple Blockchain Protocol for Improving Transaction Throughput G\"undlach, Rowel and Hoepman, Jaap-Henk and van der Hofstad, Remco and Koens, Tommy and Meijer, Stijn. 2019 | |
| 92. | Rationality is Self-Defeating in Permissionless Systems Ford, Bryan and B\"ohme, Rainer. 2019 | |
| 93. | BackPackers: A New Network Paradigm for Secure and High-performance Blockchains Thai, Phuc D and Zhou, Hong-sheng and Katz, Jonathan and Fan, Lei and Dinh, Thang N. 2019 | |
| 94. | Just Enough Security: Reducing Proof-of-Work Ecological Footprint Tsabary, Itay and Spiegelman, Alexander and Eyal, Ittay. 2019 | |
| 95. | On Profitability of Nakamoto double spend Grunspan, Cyril and P\'erez-Marco, Ricardo. 2019 | |
| 96. | Consistency in Proof-of-Stake Blockchains with Concurrent Honest Slot Leaders Aggelos Kiayias and Saad Quader and Alexander Russell. 2020 | |
| 97. | Reparo: Publicly Verifiable Layer to Repair Blockchains Thyagarajan, Sri Aravinda Krishnan and Bhat, Adithya and Magri, Bernardo and Tschudi, Daniel and Kate, Aniket. 2020 |